With the discovery and identification of new viruses and blights, its easy to forget about familiar problems like insv. The nucleotide sequence of the s rna of impatiens necrotic spot virus, a novel tospovirus. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv is an economically important pathogen in a. Plants will eventually rot to the soil line and must be removed and discarded. In addition to many flower crops, certain vegetables and weeds are also susceptible to insv. In an initial experiment, nematode parasitism reduced the numbers of adult thrips that were positive to impatiens necrotic spot virus insv by enzyme. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv is a significant pathogen of i. Impatiensimpatiens necrotic spot pacific northwest pest. With the discovery and identification of new viruses and blights. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv most susceptible plants. Tospovirus is a virus family that includes impatiens necrotic spot virus insv and tomato spotted wilt virus tswv. Development of a pcr diagnostic system for iris yellow spot.
In an initial experiment, nematode parasitism reduced the numbers of adult thrips that were positive to impatiens necrotic spot virus insv by. Distinct efficiencies of impatiens necrotic spot virus transmission by five thrips vector species thysanoptera. Greenhouse plants, ornamentalimpatiens necrotic spot. Control of virus diseases is a matter of prevention and the use of virusfree planting stock. Impatiens necrotic spot virus horticulture and home pest. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv is an economically important pathogen in a broad host range of ornamental plants. Impatiens necrotic spot virus symptoms are highly variable, a fact that often delays gardeners decision making about infected plants. May 10, 2018 impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus insv can impact economically important ornamental plants and vegetables worldwide. Many are transmitted by vegetative propagation of plant material from infected plants. California is the leading producer of lettuce lactuca sativa for the united states and grows 77% of the countrys supply. Impatiens necrotic spot virus it was originally believed to be another strain of tomato spotted wilt virus but genetic investigations revealed them to be separate viruses.
Insv is easily mechanically transmissible, often causes severe damage on. These viruses have an extremely wide host range more than 600 species of plants are susceptible. These viruses are spread from plant to plant in greenhouses and in the field by thrips feeding activity. It is commonly brought in on propagation material and can be spread by thrips in the greenhouse. Impatiens necrotic spot virus infection and feeding.
Statewide integrated pest management program, university of california. In this study, primers and taqman probes based on insv nonstructural protein gene sequences were designed, and a technique was. Accomplishments impatiens necrotic spot virus insv is one of the most frequently detected viruses in ornamental crops. There is no control for plants infected with a virus. Impatiens necrotic spot virus a serious pathogen of floral crops alan s. We have developed an exhaustive database for a related virus, tomato spotted wilt virus tswv, and used analysis of its sequence and population dynamics to demonstrate phylo geographic relationships for tswv. Agdia announces release of new, more sensitive, immunostrip.
Insv has a very large host range, numbering more than 648 different plant species. Another virus that causes similar symptoms is tomato spotted wilt virus. Crops infected with insv may suffer from detrimental quality factors. Some virus diseases of greenhouse crops ct integrated. Tips for diagnosing impatiens necrotic spot virus insv in greenhouse crops by mara grossman, erika lyons, margaret aiken, mary ann hansen and joyce latimer, virginia tech impatiens necrotic spot. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv is an important plant virus that can cause severe disease in various ornamental and agricultural crops. Almost all greenhouse crops are susceptible except for poinsettias and roses. Impatiens necrotic spot virus and tomato spotted wilt virus.
For most insv isolates, there are no complete genome sequences available. Spray to keep thrip levels down to prevent spread of insv. Cause impatiens necrotic spot virus insv, formerly the i strain of the tomato spotted wilt virus tswvl. The most important diseases of schlumbergera truncata, the thanksgiving cactus, are fusarium basal stem rot, phytophthora root and stem rot, bipolaris blight, and bacterial soft rot. Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus insv can impact economically important ornamental plants and vegetables worldwide. They are the only group of plantinfecting viruses in this family. Prior to 2006, coastal california lettuce was only periodically and incidentally in. Pest control insects aphids, spider mites and thrip disease botrytis, pythium and impatiens necrotic spot virus insv notes monitor thrips level with yellow sticky cards. Impatiens necrotic spot virus in the last month we have had several samples come into the plant disease and insect clinic with impatiens necrotic spot virus insv.
General information about impatiens necrotic spot virus insv00. There is no cure or chemical treatment for plant viruses. Impatiens necrotic spot virus penn state extension. Impatiens necrotic spotted wilt virus integrated pest. Development of a realtime fluorescent quantitative pcr. Insv and tswv tomato spotted wilt virus are two members of the tospoviruses which are vectored exclusively by western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Photos of tomato spotted wilt and impatiens necrotic spot virus. Impatiens necrotic spot university of wisconsinmadison. Insv remains a problem, even after all these years garden. A few viruses are seedborne squash virus in muskmelons, tomato mosaic virus in tomato, and others. Development of a pcr diagnostic system for iris yellow. When young gentian plants at the 2ndleaf stage were inoculated with insv, plants developed systemic symptoms. Specifications height minimum is 8, the maximum is 12. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv can be a serious impatiens flowers disease that is brought about by thrips.
To further confirm the presence of insv, total rna was extracted from symptomatic leaves using a rneasy plant minikit qiagen inc. Movement protein impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. First report of monarda didyma infection with impatiens. Insv is a viral disease that has become far too common on ornamental plants in the united states. Impatiens necrotic spot is a viral disease that causes considerable losses to greenhousegrown ornamentals and, to a lesser extent, vegetable crops. Figure 6 is a photo of a pepper transplant with mottled lesions due to impatiens necrotic spot virus. Discard affected plants, eradicate weeds that may be hosts, and control.
Tips for diagnosing impatiens necrotic spot virus insv in. Both viruses can produce necrotic dead spots on leaves, discolored or black areas. Symptoms on plants infected with impatiens necrotic spot virus include overall yellowing chlorosis, dead necrotic spots on leaves or terminal shoots, and. These two viruses are transmitted by thrips while they feed on host plants. Aug 01, 2007 impatiens necrotic spot virus insv has been around for 20 years. This virus was called tswvimpatiens strain in 1989. Insv, impatiens necrotic spot virus attacks many greenhouse plants including impatiens, new guinea impatiens, double impatiens, and tuberous begonia. Impatiens necrotic spot virus university of tennessee. At one time there was a lot of discussion about this virus and growers were familiar with the hallmark symptoms it caused.
Unlike tswv, which has many thrips vector species, insv is reported to be vectored only by the western flower thrips, franklinella occidentalis. It is a single stranded rna it has a tripartite genome and is largely spread by the insect vector of the western flower thrips. Those found with suspicious symptoms must be immediately. Managing insv is critical because it can easily over run your crop and cause. Tospovirus is a virus family that includes impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv, formerly designated as tomato spotted wilt virus strain impatiens, is a serious disease of greenhouse flower crops such as impatiens, gloxinia, cyclamen, cineraria, begonia, and exacum. Hatiora gaertneri regel barthlott, the easter cactus is relatively free of. How do i control impatiens necrotic spot in the future. Insv remains a problem, even after all these years.
Microtom is a model tomato cultivar used for research due to its small size and short time to fruiting. Host plants of impatiens necrotic spot virus insv00 categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. The agricultural extension service offers its programs to all eligible persons. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv00host plants eppo. Some of the more common viruses that may infect greenhouse crops include but are not limited to. Ringspots on coleus leaf caused by impatiens necrotic spot virus.
This insect acquires insv when feeding on infected plant sap, carries the virus to its next feeding site, and transmits the virus to the new plant after. When young gentian plants at the 2ndleaf stage were inoculated with insv, plants developed systemic symptoms that. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv causes serious damage to gentian gentiana spp. It is a single stranded rna it has a tripartite genome 1 and is largely spread by the insect vector of the western flower thrips. Insv hyb impatiens necrotic spot virus ephyra store. Among the tospoviruses, impatiens necrotic spot virus insv in particular, has become a major pathogen in greenhouse flower crops in north america and europe daughtrey et al. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv has been around for 20 years. Pdf investigation of impatiens necrotic spot virus. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv necrotic leaf spot and faint necrotic ringspots were observed on torenia.
Symptomatic leaves were tested for tomato spotted wilt virus tswv and impatiens necrotic spot virus insv using immunostrip tests agdia inc. This is one of the most serious diseases of greenhouse crops. An effective thrips monitoring program, conducted yearround, may be the. Impatiens necrotic spot virus on lettuce in coastal california. Tomato spotted wilt virus and impatiens necrotic spot virus are closely related. The primary means of planttoplant spread of insv is by the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Impatiens necrotic spot insv plant disease diagnostics. Impatiens necrotic spot virus in woody landscape plants in georgia. Insv is a thripstransmitted tospovirus that infects a wide range of hosts including ornamental and vegetable crops. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv and tomato spotted wilt virus tswv are a problem because infected plants cannot be sold. Some virus diseases of greenhouse crops ct integrated pest. Impatiens necrotic spot virus infection and feeding behavior.
Agdia immunostrip for impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. In fact, the two were considered strains of the same virus until the early 90s. Development of a realtime fluorescent quantitative pcr assay. Maintain strict thrips control on all plants kept in the greenhouse. In southern states, impatiens necrotic spot can also be a problem on field crops. Snapdragon impatiens necrotic spot virus insv umass center. Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus insv is a plant pathogenic virus of the order bunyavirales. Greenhouse plants, ornamental impatiens necrotic spot. Also common is bacterial wilt, which is recognized by sudden wilting and collapse of plants, as well as oozing of stems when cut. Powdery mildew new guinea impatiens white, mealy fungal growth develops on the top of leaves. Each virus has a huge host range and can produce a bewildering array of symptoms.
By 1992, it was found to be an entirely separate virus from tswv and was named impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. Tomato spotted wilt virus can cause stunting figure 1, necrotic ring spots figure 2, mottling figure 3 or chlorosis figure 4. Disease control options using different management programs is also briefly. Iris yellow spot virus iysv is a plant pathogenic virus which has been reported to continuously occur in onion bulbs, allium field crops, seed crops, lisianthus, and irises. Photos of tomato spotted wilt and impatiens necrotic spot. Impatiens necrotic spot virus insv affects ornamental greenhouse crops like impatiens thrips and damage on petunia. It was originally believed to be another strain of tomato spotted wilt virus but genetic investigations revealed them to be separate viruses. This alert will aid in you identifying impatiens necrotic spot virus insv on torenia. I have had it diagnosed in kent county greenhouses on many occasions. Viral movemement protein which is responsible for cellto cell spread of viral genome. They may develop yellow bulls eye markings, stem lesions, black ring spots and other leaf lesions, or infected plants may simply struggle to thrive.
Tomato spotted wilt virus tswv and impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. The effects of parasitism by the nematode thripinema nicklewoodi siddiqi tylenchida. Oct 02, 2019 tospovirus is a virus family that includes impatiens necrotic spot virus insv and tomato spotted wilt virus tswv. Investigation of impatiens necrotic spot virus outbreaks in new zealand article pdf available in australasian plant pathology 385. New guinea impatiens impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. Impatiens necrotic spot insv plant disease diagnostics clinic. Oct 02, 2014 tips for diagnosing impatiens necrotic spot virus insv in greenhouse crops by mara grossman, erika lyons, margaret aiken, mary ann hansen and joyce latimer, virginia tech impatiens necrotic spot. In south korea, iysv is a controlled virus that has not been reported, and inspection is performed when crops of the genus iris are imported into south korea. Symptom development, in planta distribution, and transmission of insv were studied after mechanical inoculation of gentian plants and propagation of shoot cuttings from infected stock plants. These have primarily been greenhouse crops like impatiens and mums but the virus can infect over 200 plant species. Iris yellow spot virus iysv is a tospovirus which is closely related to two other serious viruses. Allantonematidae on tospovirus infection and feeding behavior of frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera.
Sd frank and mums but also many vegetables and herbs. Learn more about common problems with impatiens flowers. A series of photos provided by this alert will aid in you identifying this problem on torenia. These viruses have been a significant problem since the late 1980s, when the western flower thrips, their principal vector, arrived in the uk. Impatiens necrotic spot the virus causes a wide variety of symptoms including wilting, stem death, stunting, yellowing, poor flowering, chicken poxlike sunken spots on leaves, etches or ring spots on leaves, and many others. It is commonly brought in on propagation material and can be. Impatiens necrotic spot is caused by the impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. The virus causes a wide variety of symptoms including wilting, stem death, stunting, yellowing, poor flowering, chicken poxlike sunken spots on leaves, etches or ring spots on leaves, and many others.
Stack new england greenhouse floriculture guide, a management guide for insects, diseases, weeds. Impatiens walleriana is a popular ornamental crop, with a wide variety of flower colors and low light requirements. Symptom development, in planta distribution, and transmission. Impatiens necrotic spot virus horticulture and home pest news. Crops infected with insv may suffer from detrimental quality factors and reduced yield. Symptoms insv can cause a wide range of symptoms on different host plants. It is the number one disease of gloxinia and impatiens. Tips for diagnosing impatiens necrotic spot virus insv. Pest control insects aphids, thrip, spider mites disease botrytis, impatiens necrotic spot virus insv specifications height minimum is 18, the maximum is 36 width minimum is 18, the maximum is 36 mast young plants mail. Increases the size exclusion limit sel of plasmodesmata by forming tubules structures, thereby allowing viral ribonucleocapsids to spread.